Human rights
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty
Source: UN Treaty Collection · scraped 2026-09-26
Figures below count the 193 UN member states separately from other parties to this treaty (international organizations and non-member observer states) — a treaty can have more parties than there are UN member states.
91/193
RatifiedUN member states
92 in total, incl. 1 non-UN member (State of Palestine)
0
Signed, not ratifiedUN member states
0
WithdrawnUN member states
102
No actionUN member states
| Country | Signature | Ratification | Withdrawal | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | — | — | — | No action |
| Albania | — | 2007-10-17(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Algeria | — | — | — | No action |
| Andorra | 2002-08-05 | 2006-09-22 | — | Ratified |
| Angola | 2013-09-24 | 2019-10-02 | — | Ratified |
| Antigua and Barbuda | — | — | — | No action |
| Argentina | 2006-12-20 | 2008-09-02 | — | Ratified |
| Armenia | 2019-09-26 | 2021-03-18 | — | Ratified |
| Australia | — | 1990-10-02(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Austria | 1991-04-08 | 1993-03-02 | — | Ratified |
| Azerbaijan | — | 1999-01-22(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Bahamas | — | — | — | No action |
| Bahrain | — | — | — | No action |
| Bangladesh | — | — | — | No action |
| Barbados | — | — | — | No action |
| Belarus | — | — | — | No action |
| Belgium | 1990-07-12 | 1998-12-08 | — | Ratified |
| Belize | — | — | — | No action |
| Benin | — | 2012-07-05(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Bhutan | — | — | — | No action |
| Bolivia | — | 2013-07-12(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2000-09-07 | 2001-03-16 | — | Ratified |
| Botswana | — | — | — | No action |
| Brazil | — | 2009-09-25(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Brunei Darussalam | — | — | — | No action |
| Bulgaria | 1999-03-11 | 1999-08-10 | — | Ratified |
| Burkina Faso | — | — | — | No action |
| Burundi | — | — | — | No action |
| Cabo Verde | — | 2000-05-19(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Cambodia | — | — | — | No action |
| Cameroon | — | — | — | No action |
| Canada | — | 2005-11-25(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Central African Republic | — | — | — | No action |
| Chad | — | — | — | No action |
| Chile | 2001-11-15 | 2008-09-26 | — | Ratified |
| China | — | — | — | No action |
| Colombia | — | 1997-08-05(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Comoros | — | — | — | No action |
| Congo | — | — | — | No action |
| Costa Rica | 1990-02-14 | 1998-06-05 | — | Ratified |
| Croatia | — | 1995-10-12(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Cuba | — | — | — | No action |
| Cyprus | — | 1999-09-10(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Czech Republic | — | 2004-06-15(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Côte d'Ivoire | — | 2024-05-03(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Democratic People's Republic of Korea | — | — | — | No action |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | — | — | — | No action |
| Denmark | 1990-02-13 | 1994-02-24 | — | Ratified |
| Djibouti | — | 2002-11-05(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Dominica | — | — | — | No action |
| Dominican Republic | — | 2016-09-21(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Ecuador | — | 1993-02-23(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Egypt | — | — | — | No action |
| El Salvador | — | 2014-04-08(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Equatorial Guinea | — | — | — | No action |
| Eritrea | — | — | — | No action |
| Estonia | — | 2004-01-30(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Eswatini | — | — | — | No action |
| Ethiopia | — | — | — | No action |
| Fiji | — | — | — | No action |
| Finland | 1990-02-13 | 1991-04-04 | — | Ratified |
| France | — | 2007-10-02(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Gabon | — | 2014-04-02(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Gambia | 2017-09-20 | 2018-09-28 | — | Ratified |
| Georgia | — | 1999-03-22(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Germany | 1990-02-13 | 1992-08-18 | — | Ratified |
| Ghana | — | — | — | No action |
| Greece | — | 1997-05-05(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Grenada | — | — | — | No action |
| Guatemala | — | — | — | No action |
| Guinea | — | — | — | No action |
| Guinea-Bissau | 2000-09-12 | 2013-09-24 | — | Ratified |
| Guyana | — | — | — | No action |
| Haiti | — | — | — | No action |
| Honduras | 1990-05-10 | 2008-04-01 | — | Ratified |
| Hungary | — | 1994-02-24(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Iceland | 1991-01-30 | 1991-04-02 | — | Ratified |
| India | — | — | — | No action |
| Indonesia | — | — | — | No action |
| Iran | — | — | — | No action |
| Iraq | — | — | — | No action |
| Ireland | — | 1993-06-18(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Israel | — | — | — | No action |
| Italy | 1990-02-13 | 1995-02-14 | — | Ratified |
| Jamaica | — | — | — | No action |
| Japan | — | — | — | No action |
| Jordan | — | — | — | No action |
| Kazakhstan | 2020-09-23 | 2022-03-24 | — | Ratified |
| Kenya | — | — | — | No action |
| Kiribati | — | — | — | No action |
| Kuwait | — | — | — | No action |
| Kyrgyzstan | — | 2010-12-06(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | — | — | — | No action |
| Latvia | — | 2013-04-19(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Lebanon | — | — | — | No action |
| Lesotho | — | — | — | No action |
| Liberia | — | 2005-09-16(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Libya | — | — | — | No action |
| Liechtenstein | — | 1998-12-10(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Lithuania | 2000-09-08 | 2002-03-27 | — | Ratified |
| Luxembourg | 1990-02-13 | 1992-02-12 | — | Ratified |
| Madagascar | 2012-09-24 | 2017-09-21 | — | Ratified |
| Malawi | — | — | — | No action |
| Malaysia | — | — | — | No action |
| Maldives | — | — | — | No action |
| Mali | — | — | — | No action |
| Malta | — | 1994-12-29(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Marshall Islands | — | — | — | No action |
| Mauritania | — | — | — | No action |
| Mauritius | — | — | — | No action |
| Mexico | — | 2007-09-26(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Micronesia | — | — | — | No action |
| Monaco | — | 2000-03-28(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Mongolia | — | 2012-03-13(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Montenegro | — | 2006-10-23(Succession) | — | Ratified |
| Morocco | — | — | — | No action |
| Mozambique | — | 1993-07-21(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Myanmar | — | — | — | No action |
| Namibia | — | 1994-11-28(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Nauru | — | — | — | No action |
| Nepal | — | 1998-03-04(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Netherlands | 1990-08-09 | 1991-03-26 | — | Ratified |
| New Zealand | 1990-02-22 | 1990-02-22 | — | Ratified |
| Nicaragua | 1990-02-21 | 2009-02-25 | — | Ratified |
| Niger | — | — | — | No action |
| Nigeria | — | — | — | No action |
| North Macedonia | — | 1995-01-26(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Norway | 1990-02-13 | 1991-09-05 | — | Ratified |
| Oman | — | — | — | No action |
| Pakistan | — | — | — | No action |
| Palau | — | — | — | No action |
| Panama | — | 1993-01-21(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Papua New Guinea | — | — | — | No action |
| Paraguay | — | 2003-08-18(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Peru | — | — | — | No action |
| Philippines | 2006-09-20 | 2007-11-20 | — | Ratified |
| Poland | 2000-03-21 | 2014-04-25 | — | Ratified |
| Portugal | 1990-02-13 | 1990-10-17 | — | Ratified |
| Qatar | — | — | — | No action |
| Republic of Korea | — | — | — | No action |
| Moldova | — | 2006-09-20(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Romania | 1990-03-15 | 1991-02-27 | — | Ratified |
| Russian Federation | — | — | — | No action |
| Rwanda | — | 2008-12-15(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | — | — | — | No action |
| Saint Lucia | — | — | — | No action |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | — | — | — | No action |
| Samoa | — | — | — | No action |
| San Marino | 2003-09-26 | 2004-08-17 | — | Ratified |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 2000-09-06 | 2017-01-10 | — | Ratified |
| Saudi Arabia | — | — | — | No action |
| Senegal | — | — | — | No action |
| Serbia | — | 2001-09-06(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Seychelles | — | 1994-12-15(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Sierra Leone | — | — | — | No action |
| Singapore | — | — | — | No action |
| Slovakia | 1998-09-22 | 1999-06-22 | — | Ratified |
| Slovenia | 1993-09-14 | 1994-03-10 | — | Ratified |
| Solomon Islands | — | — | — | No action |
| Somalia | — | — | — | No action |
| South Africa | — | 2002-08-28(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| South Sudan | — | — | — | No action |
| Spain | 1990-02-23 | 1991-04-11 | — | Ratified |
| Sri Lanka | — | — | — | No action |
| State of PalestineNon-UN member | — | 2019-03-18(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Sudan | — | — | — | No action |
| Suriname | — | — | — | No action |
| Sweden | 1990-02-13 | 1990-05-11 | — | Ratified |
| Switzerland | — | 1994-06-16(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Syrian Arab Republic | — | — | — | No action |
| Tajikistan | — | — | — | No action |
| Thailand | — | — | — | No action |
| Timor-Leste | — | 2003-09-18(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Togo | — | 2016-09-14(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Tonga | — | — | — | No action |
| Trinidad and Tobago | — | — | — | No action |
| Tunisia | — | — | — | No action |
| Turkmenistan | — | 2000-01-11(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Tuvalu | — | — | — | No action |
| Türkiye | 2004-04-06 | 2006-03-02 | — | Ratified |
| Uganda | — | — | — | No action |
| Ukraine | — | 2007-07-25(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| United Arab Emirates | — | — | — | No action |
| United Kingdom | 1999-03-31 | 1999-12-10 | — | Ratified |
| United Republic of Tanzania | — | — | — | No action |
| United States of America | — | — | — | No action |
| Uruguay | 1990-02-13 | 1993-01-21 | — | Ratified |
| Uzbekistan | — | 2008-12-23(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Vanuatu | — | — | — | No action |
| Venezuela | 1990-06-07 | 1993-02-22 | — | Ratified |
| Viet Nam | — | — | — | No action |
| Yemen | — | — | — | No action |
| Zambia | — | 2024-12-19(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Zimbabwe | — | — | — | No action |