Environment & climate
Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Source: UN Treaty Collection · scraped 2026-09-26
Figures below count the 193 UN member states separately from other parties to this treaty (international organizations and non-member observer states) — a treaty can have more parties than there are UN member states.
189/193
RatifiedUN member states
192 in total, incl. 3 non-UN members (Cook Islands, European Union, Niue)
1
Signed, not ratifiedUN member states
1
WithdrawnUN member states
2
No actionUN member states
| Country | Signature | Ratification | Withdrawal | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | — | 2013-03-25(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Albania | — | 2005-04-01(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Algeria | — | 2005-02-16(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Andorra | — | — | — | No action |
| Angola | — | 2007-05-08(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 1998-03-16 | 1998-11-03 | — | Ratified |
| Argentina | 1998-03-16 | 2001-09-28 | — | Ratified |
| Armenia | — | 2003-04-25(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Australia | 1998-04-29 | 2007-12-12 | — | Ratified |
| Austria | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31 | — | Ratified |
| Azerbaijan | — | 2000-09-28(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Bahamas | — | 1999-04-09(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Bahrain | — | 2006-01-31(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Bangladesh | — | 2001-10-22(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Barbados | — | 2000-08-07(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Belarus | — | 2005-08-26(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Belgium | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31 | — | Ratified |
| Belize | — | 2003-09-26(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Benin | — | 2002-02-25(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Bhutan | — | 2002-08-26(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Bolivia | 1998-07-09 | 1999-11-30 | — | Ratified |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | — | 2007-04-16(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Botswana | — | 2003-08-08(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Brazil | 1998-04-29 | 2002-08-23 | — | Ratified |
| Brunei Darussalam | — | 2009-08-20(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Bulgaria | 1998-09-18 | 2002-08-15 | — | Ratified |
| Burkina Faso | — | 2005-03-31(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Burundi | — | 2001-10-18(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Cabo Verde | — | 2006-02-10(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Cambodia | — | 2002-08-22(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Cameroon | — | 2002-08-28(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Canada | 1998-04-29 | 2002-12-17 | 2012-12-15 | Withdrawn |
| Central African Republic | — | 2008-03-18(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Chad | — | 2009-08-18(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Chile | 1998-06-17 | 2002-08-26 | — | Ratified |
| China | 1998-05-29 | 2002-08-30(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Colombia | — | 2001-11-30(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Comoros | — | 2008-04-10(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Congo | — | 2007-02-12(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Cook IslandsNon-UN member | 1998-09-16 | 2001-08-27 | — | Ratified |
| Costa Rica | 1998-04-27 | 2002-08-09 | — | Ratified |
| Croatia | 1999-03-11 | 2007-05-30 | — | Ratified |
| Cuba | 1999-03-15 | 2002-04-30 | — | Ratified |
| Cyprus | — | 1999-07-16(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Czech Republic | 1998-11-23 | 2001-11-15(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Côte d'Ivoire | — | 2007-04-23(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Democratic People's Republic of Korea | — | 2005-04-27(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | — | 2005-03-23(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Denmark | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31 | — | Ratified |
| Djibouti | — | 2002-03-12(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Dominica | — | 2005-01-25(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Dominican Republic | — | 2002-02-12(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Ecuador | 1999-01-15 | 2000-01-13 | — | Ratified |
| Egypt | 1999-03-15 | 2005-01-12 | — | Ratified |
| El Salvador | 1998-06-08 | 1998-11-30 | — | Ratified |
| Equatorial Guinea | — | 2000-08-16(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Eritrea | — | 2005-07-28(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Estonia | 1998-12-03 | 2002-10-14 | — | Ratified |
| Eswatini | — | 2006-01-13(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Ethiopia | — | 2005-04-14(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| European UnionNon-UN member | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Fiji | 1998-09-17 | 1998-09-17 | — | Ratified |
| Finland | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31 | — | Ratified |
| France | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Gabon | — | 2006-12-12(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Gambia | — | 2001-06-01(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Georgia | — | 1999-06-16(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Germany | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31 | — | Ratified |
| Ghana | — | 2003-05-30(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Greece | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31 | — | Ratified |
| Grenada | — | 2002-08-06(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Guatemala | 1998-07-10 | 1999-10-05 | — | Ratified |
| Guinea | — | 2000-09-07(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Guinea-Bissau | — | 2005-11-18(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Guyana | — | 2003-08-05(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Haiti | — | 2005-07-06(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Honduras | 1999-02-25 | 2000-07-19 | — | Ratified |
| Hungary | — | 2002-08-21(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Iceland | — | 2002-05-23(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| India | — | 2002-08-26(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Indonesia | 1998-07-13 | 2004-12-03 | — | Ratified |
| Iran | — | 2005-08-22(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Iraq | — | 2009-07-28(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Ireland | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31 | — | Ratified |
| Israel | 1998-12-16 | 2004-03-15 | — | Ratified |
| Italy | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31 | — | Ratified |
| Jamaica | — | 1999-06-28(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Japan | 1998-04-28 | 2002-06-04(Acceptance) | — | Ratified |
| Jordan | — | 2003-01-17(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Kazakhstan | 1999-03-12 | 2009-06-19 | — | Ratified |
| Kenya | — | 2005-02-25(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Kiribati | — | 2000-09-07(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Kuwait | — | 2005-03-11(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Kyrgyzstan | — | 2003-05-13(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | — | 2003-02-06(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Latvia | 1998-12-14 | 2002-07-05 | — | Ratified |
| Lebanon | — | 2006-11-13(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Lesotho | — | 2000-09-06(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Liberia | — | 2002-11-05(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Libya | — | 2006-08-24(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Liechtenstein | 1998-06-29 | 2004-12-03 | — | Ratified |
| Lithuania | 1998-09-21 | 2003-01-03 | — | Ratified |
| Luxembourg | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31 | — | Ratified |
| Madagascar | — | 2003-09-24(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Malawi | — | 2001-10-26(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Malaysia | 1999-03-12 | 2002-09-04 | — | Ratified |
| Maldives | 1998-03-16 | 1998-12-30 | — | Ratified |
| Mali | 1999-01-27 | 2002-03-28 | — | Ratified |
| Malta | 1998-04-17 | 2001-11-11 | — | Ratified |
| Marshall Islands | 1998-03-17 | 2003-08-11 | — | Ratified |
| Mauritania | — | 2005-07-22(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Mauritius | — | 2001-05-09(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Mexico | 1998-06-09 | 2000-09-07 | — | Ratified |
| Micronesia | 1998-03-17 | 1999-06-21 | — | Ratified |
| Monaco | 1998-04-29 | 2006-02-27 | — | Ratified |
| Mongolia | — | 1999-12-15(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Montenegro | — | 2007-06-04(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Morocco | — | 2002-01-25(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Mozambique | — | 2005-01-18(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Myanmar | — | 2003-08-13(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Namibia | — | 2003-09-04(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Nauru | — | 2001-08-16(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Nepal | — | 2005-09-16(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Netherlands | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31(Acceptance) | — | Ratified |
| New Zealand | 1998-05-22 | 2002-12-19 | — | Ratified |
| Nicaragua | 1998-07-07 | 1999-11-18 | — | Ratified |
| Niger | 1998-10-23 | 2004-09-30 | — | Ratified |
| Nigeria | — | 2004-12-10(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| NiueNon-UN member | 1998-12-08 | 1999-05-06 | — | Ratified |
| North Macedonia | — | 2004-11-18(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Norway | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-30 | — | Ratified |
| Oman | — | 2005-01-19(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Pakistan | — | 2005-01-11(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Palau | — | 1999-12-10(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Panama | 1998-06-08 | 1999-03-05 | — | Ratified |
| Papua New Guinea | 1999-03-02 | 2002-03-28 | — | Ratified |
| Paraguay | 1998-08-25 | 1999-08-27 | — | Ratified |
| Peru | 1998-11-13 | 2002-09-12 | — | Ratified |
| Philippines | 1998-04-15 | 2003-11-20 | — | Ratified |
| Poland | 1998-07-15 | 2002-12-13 | — | Ratified |
| Portugal | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Qatar | — | 2005-01-11(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Republic of Korea | 1998-09-25 | 2002-11-08 | — | Ratified |
| Moldova | — | 2003-04-22(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Romania | 1999-01-05 | 2001-03-19 | — | Ratified |
| Russian Federation | 1999-03-11 | 2004-11-18 | — | Ratified |
| Rwanda | — | 2004-07-22(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Samoa | 1998-03-16 | 2000-11-27 | — | Ratified |
| San Marino | — | 2010-04-28(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Sao Tome and Principe | — | 2008-04-25(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Saudi Arabia | — | 2005-01-31(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Senegal | — | 2001-07-20(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Serbia | — | 2007-10-19(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Seychelles | 1998-03-20 | 2002-07-22 | — | Ratified |
| Sierra Leone | — | 2006-11-10(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Singapore | — | 2006-04-12(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Slovakia | 1999-02-26 | 2002-05-31 | — | Ratified |
| Slovenia | 1998-10-21 | 2002-08-02 | — | Ratified |
| Solomon Islands | 1998-09-29 | 2003-03-13 | — | Ratified |
| Somalia | — | 2010-07-26(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| South Africa | — | 2002-07-31(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| South Sudan | — | — | — | No action |
| Spain | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31 | — | Ratified |
| Sri Lanka | — | 2002-09-03(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | — | 2008-04-08(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Saint Lucia | 1998-03-16 | 2003-08-20 | — | Ratified |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 1998-03-19 | 2004-12-31 | — | Ratified |
| Sudan | — | 2004-11-02(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Suriname | — | 2006-09-25(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Sweden | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31 | — | Ratified |
| Switzerland | 1998-03-16 | 2003-07-09 | — | Ratified |
| Syrian Arab Republic | — | 2006-01-27(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Tajikistan | — | 2008-12-29(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Thailand | 1999-02-02 | 2002-08-28 | — | Ratified |
| Timor-Leste | — | 2008-10-14(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Togo | — | 2004-07-02(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Tonga | — | 2008-01-14(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 1999-01-07 | 1999-01-28 | — | Ratified |
| Tunisia | — | 2003-01-22(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Turkmenistan | 1998-09-28 | 1999-01-11 | — | Ratified |
| Tuvalu | 1998-11-16 | 1998-11-16 | — | Ratified |
| Türkiye | — | 2009-05-28(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Uganda | — | 2002-03-25(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Ukraine | 1999-03-15 | 2004-04-12 | — | Ratified |
| United Arab Emirates | — | 2005-01-26(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| United Kingdom | 1998-04-29 | 2002-05-31 | — | Ratified |
| United Republic of Tanzania | — | 2002-08-26(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| United States of America | 1998-11-12 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Uruguay | 1998-07-29 | 2001-02-05 | — | Ratified |
| Uzbekistan | 1998-11-20 | 1999-10-12 | — | Ratified |
| Vanuatu | — | 2001-07-17(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Venezuela | — | 2005-02-18(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Viet Nam | 1998-12-03 | 2002-09-25 | — | Ratified |
| Yemen | — | 2004-09-15(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Zambia | 1998-08-05 | 2006-07-07 | — | Ratified |
| Zimbabwe | — | 2009-06-30(Accession) | — | Ratified |