Environment & climate
Convention on Biological Diversity
Source: UN Treaty Collection · scraped 2026-09-26
Figures below count the 193 UN member states separately from other parties to this treaty (international organizations and non-member observer states) — a treaty can have more parties than there are UN member states.
192/193
RatifiedUN member states
196 in total, incl. 4 non-UN members (Cook Islands, European Union, Niue, State of Palestine)
1
Signed, not ratifiedUN member states
0
WithdrawnUN member states
0
No actionUN member states
| Country | Signature | Ratification | Withdrawal | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 1992-06-12 | 2002-09-19 | — | Ratified |
| Albania | — | 1994-01-05(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Algeria | 1992-06-13 | 1995-08-14 | — | Ratified |
| Andorra | — | 2015-02-04(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Angola | 1992-06-12 | 1998-04-01 | — | Ratified |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 1992-06-05 | 1993-03-09 | — | Ratified |
| Argentina | 1992-06-12 | 1994-11-22 | — | Ratified |
| Armenia | 1992-06-13 | 1993-05-14(Acceptance) | — | Ratified |
| Australia | 1992-06-05 | 1993-06-18 | — | Ratified |
| Austria | 1992-06-13 | 1994-08-18 | — | Ratified |
| Azerbaijan | 1992-06-12 | 2000-08-03(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Bahamas | 1992-06-12 | 1993-09-02 | — | Ratified |
| Bahrain | 1992-06-09 | 1996-08-30 | — | Ratified |
| Bangladesh | 1992-06-05 | 1994-05-03 | — | Ratified |
| Barbados | 1992-06-12 | 1993-12-10 | — | Ratified |
| Belarus | 1992-06-11 | 1993-09-08 | — | Ratified |
| Belgium | 1992-06-05 | 1996-11-22 | — | Ratified |
| Belize | 1992-06-13 | 1993-12-30 | — | Ratified |
| Benin | 1992-06-13 | 1994-06-30 | — | Ratified |
| Bhutan | 1992-06-11 | 1995-08-25 | — | Ratified |
| Bolivia | 1992-06-13 | 1994-10-03 | — | Ratified |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | — | 2002-08-26(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Botswana | 1992-06-08 | 1995-10-12 | — | Ratified |
| Brazil | 1992-06-05 | 1994-02-28 | — | Ratified |
| Brunei Darussalam | — | 2008-04-28(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Bulgaria | 1992-06-12 | 1996-04-17 | — | Ratified |
| Burkina Faso | 1992-06-12 | 1993-09-02 | — | Ratified |
| Burundi | 1992-06-11 | 1997-04-15 | — | Ratified |
| Cabo Verde | 1992-06-12 | 1995-03-29 | — | Ratified |
| Cambodia | — | 1995-02-09(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Cameroon | 1992-06-14 | 1994-10-19 | — | Ratified |
| Canada | 1992-06-11 | 1992-12-04 | — | Ratified |
| Central African Republic | 1992-06-13 | 1995-03-15 | — | Ratified |
| Chad | 1992-06-12 | 1994-06-07 | — | Ratified |
| Chile | 1992-06-13 | 1994-09-09 | — | Ratified |
| China | 1992-06-11 | 1993-01-05 | — | Ratified |
| Colombia | 1992-06-12 | 1994-11-28 | — | Ratified |
| Comoros | 1992-06-11 | 1994-09-29 | — | Ratified |
| Congo | 1992-06-11 | 1996-08-01 | — | Ratified |
| Cook IslandsNon-UN member | 1992-06-12 | 1993-04-20 | — | Ratified |
| Costa Rica | 1992-06-13 | 1994-08-26 | — | Ratified |
| Croatia | 1992-06-11 | 1996-10-07 | — | Ratified |
| Cuba | 1992-06-12 | 1994-03-08 | — | Ratified |
| Cyprus | 1992-06-12 | 1996-07-10 | — | Ratified |
| Czech Republic | 1993-06-04 | 1993-12-03(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 1992-06-10 | 1994-11-29 | — | Ratified |
| Democratic People's Republic of Korea | 1992-06-11 | 1994-10-26(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1992-06-11 | 1994-12-03 | — | Ratified |
| Denmark | 1992-06-12 | 1993-12-21 | — | Ratified |
| Djibouti | 1992-06-13 | 1994-09-01 | — | Ratified |
| Dominica | — | 1994-04-06(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Dominican Republic | 1992-06-13 | 1996-11-25 | — | Ratified |
| Ecuador | 1992-06-09 | 1993-02-23 | — | Ratified |
| Egypt | 1992-06-09 | 1994-06-02 | — | Ratified |
| El Salvador | 1992-06-13 | 1994-09-08 | — | Ratified |
| Equatorial Guinea | — | 1994-12-06(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Eritrea | — | 1996-03-21(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Estonia | 1992-06-12 | 1994-07-27 | — | Ratified |
| Eswatini | 1992-06-12 | 1994-11-09 | — | Ratified |
| Ethiopia | 1992-06-10 | 1994-04-05 | — | Ratified |
| European UnionNon-UN member | 1992-06-13 | 1993-12-21(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Fiji | 1992-10-09 | 1993-02-25 | — | Ratified |
| Finland | 1992-06-05 | 1994-07-27(Acceptance) | — | Ratified |
| France | 1992-06-13 | 1994-07-01 | — | Ratified |
| Gabon | 1992-06-12 | 1997-03-14 | — | Ratified |
| Gambia | 1992-06-12 | 1994-06-10 | — | Ratified |
| Georgia | — | 1994-06-02(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Germany | 1992-06-12 | 1993-12-21 | — | Ratified |
| Ghana | 1992-06-12 | 1994-08-29 | — | Ratified |
| Greece | 1992-06-12 | 1994-08-04 | — | Ratified |
| Grenada | 1992-12-03 | 1994-08-11 | — | Ratified |
| Guatemala | 1992-06-13 | 1995-07-10 | — | Ratified |
| Guinea | 1992-06-12 | 1993-05-07 | — | Ratified |
| Guinea-Bissau | 1992-06-12 | 1995-10-27 | — | Ratified |
| Guyana | 1992-06-13 | 1994-08-29 | — | Ratified |
| Haiti | 1992-06-13 | 1996-09-25 | — | Ratified |
| Honduras | 1992-06-13 | 1995-07-31 | — | Ratified |
| Hungary | 1992-06-13 | 1994-02-24 | — | Ratified |
| Iceland | 1992-06-10 | 1994-09-12 | — | Ratified |
| India | 1992-06-05 | 1994-02-18 | — | Ratified |
| Indonesia | 1992-06-05 | 1994-08-23 | — | Ratified |
| Iran | 1992-06-14 | 1996-08-06 | — | Ratified |
| Iraq | — | 2009-07-28(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Ireland | 1992-06-13 | 1996-03-22 | — | Ratified |
| Israel | 1992-06-11 | 1995-08-07 | — | Ratified |
| Italy | 1992-06-05 | 1994-04-15 | — | Ratified |
| Jamaica | 1992-06-11 | 1995-01-06 | — | Ratified |
| Japan | 1992-06-13 | 1993-05-28(Acceptance) | — | Ratified |
| Jordan | 1992-06-11 | 1993-11-12 | — | Ratified |
| Kazakhstan | 1992-06-09 | 1994-09-06 | — | Ratified |
| Kenya | 1992-06-11 | 1994-07-26 | — | Ratified |
| Kiribati | — | 1994-08-16(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Kuwait | 1992-06-09 | 2002-08-02 | — | Ratified |
| Kyrgyzstan | — | 1996-08-06(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | — | 1996-09-20(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Latvia | 1992-06-11 | 1995-12-14 | — | Ratified |
| Lebanon | 1992-06-12 | 1994-12-15 | — | Ratified |
| Lesotho | 1992-06-11 | 1995-01-10 | — | Ratified |
| Liberia | 1992-06-12 | 2000-11-08 | — | Ratified |
| Libya | 1992-06-29 | 2001-07-12 | — | Ratified |
| Liechtenstein | 1992-06-05 | 1997-11-19 | — | Ratified |
| Lithuania | 1992-06-11 | 1996-02-01 | — | Ratified |
| Luxembourg | 1992-06-09 | 1994-05-09 | — | Ratified |
| Madagascar | 1992-06-08 | 1996-03-04 | — | Ratified |
| Malawi | 1992-06-10 | 1994-02-02 | — | Ratified |
| Malaysia | 1992-06-12 | 1994-06-24 | — | Ratified |
| Maldives | 1992-06-12 | 1992-11-09 | — | Ratified |
| Mali | 1992-09-30 | 1995-03-29 | — | Ratified |
| Malta | 1992-06-12 | 2000-12-29 | — | Ratified |
| Marshall Islands | 1992-06-12 | 1992-10-08 | — | Ratified |
| Mauritania | 1992-06-12 | 1996-08-16 | — | Ratified |
| Mauritius | 1992-06-10 | 1992-09-04 | — | Ratified |
| Mexico | 1992-06-13 | 1993-03-11 | — | Ratified |
| Micronesia | 1992-06-12 | 1994-06-20 | — | Ratified |
| Monaco | 1992-06-11 | 1992-11-20 | — | Ratified |
| Mongolia | 1992-06-12 | 1993-09-30 | — | Ratified |
| Montenegro | — | 2006-10-23(Succession) | — | Ratified |
| Morocco | 1992-06-13 | 1995-08-21 | — | Ratified |
| Mozambique | 1992-06-12 | 1995-08-25 | — | Ratified |
| Myanmar | 1992-06-11 | 1994-11-25 | — | Ratified |
| Namibia | 1992-06-12 | 1997-05-16 | — | Ratified |
| Nauru | 1992-06-05 | 1993-11-11 | — | Ratified |
| Nepal | 1992-06-12 | 1993-11-23 | — | Ratified |
| Netherlands | 1992-06-05 | 1994-07-12(Acceptance) | — | Ratified |
| New Zealand | 1992-06-12 | 1993-09-16 | — | Ratified |
| Nicaragua | 1992-06-13 | 1995-11-20 | — | Ratified |
| Niger | 1992-06-11 | 1995-07-25 | — | Ratified |
| Nigeria | 1992-06-13 | 1994-08-29 | — | Ratified |
| NiueNon-UN member | — | 1996-02-28(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| North Macedonia | — | 1997-12-02(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Norway | 1992-06-09 | 1993-07-09 | — | Ratified |
| Oman | 1992-06-10 | 1995-02-08 | — | Ratified |
| Pakistan | 1992-06-05 | 1994-07-26 | — | Ratified |
| Palau | — | 1999-01-06(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Panama | 1992-06-13 | 1995-01-17 | — | Ratified |
| Papua New Guinea | 1992-06-13 | 1993-03-16 | — | Ratified |
| Paraguay | 1992-06-12 | 1994-02-24 | — | Ratified |
| Peru | 1992-06-12 | 1993-06-07 | — | Ratified |
| Philippines | 1992-06-12 | 1993-10-08 | — | Ratified |
| Poland | 1992-06-05 | 1996-01-18 | — | Ratified |
| Portugal | 1992-06-13 | 1993-12-21 | — | Ratified |
| Qatar | 1992-06-11 | 1996-08-21 | — | Ratified |
| Republic of Korea | 1992-06-13 | 1994-10-03 | — | Ratified |
| Moldova | 1992-06-05 | 1995-10-20 | — | Ratified |
| Romania | 1992-06-05 | 1994-08-17 | — | Ratified |
| Russian Federation | 1992-06-13 | 1995-04-05 | — | Ratified |
| Rwanda | 1992-06-10 | 1996-05-29 | — | Ratified |
| Samoa | 1992-06-12 | 1994-02-09 | — | Ratified |
| San Marino | 1992-06-10 | 1994-10-28 | — | Ratified |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 1992-06-12 | 1999-09-29 | — | Ratified |
| Saudi Arabia | — | 2001-10-03(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Senegal | 1992-06-13 | 1994-10-17 | — | Ratified |
| Serbia | 1992-06-08 | 2002-03-01 | — | Ratified |
| Seychelles | 1992-06-10 | 1992-09-22 | — | Ratified |
| Sierra Leone | — | 1994-12-12(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Singapore | 1993-03-10 | 1995-12-21 | — | Ratified |
| Slovakia | 1993-05-19 | 1994-08-25(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Slovenia | 1992-06-13 | 1996-07-09 | — | Ratified |
| Solomon Islands | 1992-06-13 | 1995-10-03 | — | Ratified |
| Somalia | — | 2009-09-11(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| South Africa | 1993-06-04 | 1995-11-02 | — | Ratified |
| South Sudan | — | 2014-02-17(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Spain | 1992-06-13 | 1993-12-21 | — | Ratified |
| Sri Lanka | 1992-06-10 | 1994-03-23 | — | Ratified |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1992-06-12 | 1993-01-07 | — | Ratified |
| Saint Lucia | — | 1993-07-28(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | — | 1996-06-03(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| State of PalestineNon-UN member | — | 2015-01-02(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Sudan | 1992-06-09 | 1995-10-30 | — | Ratified |
| Suriname | 1992-06-13 | 1996-01-12 | — | Ratified |
| Sweden | 1992-06-08 | 1993-12-16 | — | Ratified |
| Switzerland | 1992-06-12 | 1994-11-21 | — | Ratified |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 1993-05-03 | 1996-01-04 | — | Ratified |
| Tajikistan | — | 1997-10-29(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Thailand | 1992-06-12 | 2003-10-31 | — | Ratified |
| Timor-Leste | — | 2006-10-10(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Togo | 1992-06-12 | 1995-10-04(Acceptance) | — | Ratified |
| Tonga | — | 1998-05-19(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 1992-06-11 | 1996-08-01 | — | Ratified |
| Tunisia | 1992-06-13 | 1993-07-15 | — | Ratified |
| Turkmenistan | — | 1996-09-18(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Tuvalu | 1992-06-08 | 2002-12-20 | — | Ratified |
| Türkiye | 1992-06-11 | 1997-02-14 | — | Ratified |
| Uganda | 1992-06-12 | 1993-09-08 | — | Ratified |
| Ukraine | 1992-06-11 | 1995-02-07 | — | Ratified |
| United Arab Emirates | 1992-06-11 | 2000-02-10 | — | Ratified |
| United Kingdom | 1992-06-12 | 1994-06-03 | — | Ratified |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 1992-06-12 | 1996-03-08 | — | Ratified |
| United States of America | 1993-06-04 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Uruguay | 1992-06-09 | 1993-11-05 | — | Ratified |
| Uzbekistan | — | 1995-07-19(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Vanuatu | 1992-06-09 | 1993-03-25 | — | Ratified |
| Venezuela | 1992-06-12 | 1994-09-13 | — | Ratified |
| Viet Nam | 1993-05-28 | 1994-11-16 | — | Ratified |
| Yemen | 1992-06-12 | 1996-02-21 | — | Ratified |
| Zambia | 1992-06-11 | 1993-05-28 | — | Ratified |
| Zimbabwe | 1992-06-12 | 1994-11-11 | — | Ratified |