Environment & climate
Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction
Source: UN Treaty Collection · scraped 2026-09-26
Figures below count the 193 UN member states separately from other parties to this treaty (international organizations and non-member observer states) — a treaty can have more parties than there are UN member states.
99/193
RatifiedUN member states
101 in total, incl. 2 non-UN members (European Union, State of Palestine)
45
Signed, not ratifiedUN member states
47 in total, incl. 2 non-UN members (Cook Islands, Niue)
0
WithdrawnUN member states
49
No actionUN member states
| Country | Signature | Ratification | Withdrawal | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | — | — | — | No action |
| Albania | 2025-02-20 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Algeria | 2025-09-19 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Andorra | 2025-06-09 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Angola | 2025-01-22 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 2023-09-20 | 2025-03-12 | — | Ratified |
| Argentina | 2024-06-18 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Armenia | 2025-06-09 | 2026-02-25(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Australia | 2023-09-20 | 2026-09-23 | — | Ratified |
| Austria | 2023-09-20 | 2026-03-30 | — | Ratified |
| Azerbaijan | — | — | — | No action |
| Bahamas | 2024-04-12 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Bahrain | — | — | — | No action |
| Bangladesh | 2023-09-20 | 2024-09-26 | — | Ratified |
| Barbados | 2024-09-26 | 2024-09-26 | — | Ratified |
| Belarus | — | — | — | No action |
| Belgium | 2023-09-20 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Belize | 2023-09-22 | 2024-04-08 | — | Ratified |
| Benin | — | — | — | No action |
| Bhutan | — | — | — | No action |
| Bolivia | 2023-09-20 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | — | — | — | No action |
| Botswana | 2024-09-24 | 2025-09-25 | — | Ratified |
| Brazil | 2023-09-21 | 2025-12-16 | — | Ratified |
| Brunei Darussalam | 2025-09-19 | 2026-09-23 | — | Ratified |
| Bulgaria | 2023-09-20 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Burkina Faso | 2024-09-25 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Burundi | 2025-06-09 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Cabo Verde | 2023-09-20 | 2025-08-27 | — | Ratified |
| Cambodia | 2025-06-09 | 2025-09-06 | — | Ratified |
| Cameroon | 2025-05-02 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Canada | 2024-03-04 | 2026-09-23 | — | Ratified |
| Central African Republic | — | — | — | No action |
| Chad | — | — | — | No action |
| Chile | 2023-09-20 | 2024-02-20 | — | Ratified |
| China | 2023-09-20 | 2025-12-15 | — | Ratified |
| Colombia | 2023-09-20 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Comoros | 2025-06-02 | 2026-06-11 | — | Ratified |
| Congo | 2023-09-20 | 2025-08-05 | — | Ratified |
| Cook IslandsNon-UN member | 2023-09-22 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Costa Rica | 2023-09-20 | 2025-05-22 | — | Ratified |
| Croatia | 2023-09-20 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Cuba | 2023-09-20 | 2024-06-28 | — | Ratified |
| Cyprus | 2023-09-20 | 2025-05-28 | — | Ratified |
| Czech Republic | 2023-09-29 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 2024-09-24 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Democratic People's Republic of Korea | — | — | — | No action |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | — | — | — | No action |
| Denmark | 2023-09-20 | 2025-06-09(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Djibouti | 2025-05-09 | 2025-09-24 | — | Ratified |
| Dominica | 2023-09-21 | 2025-06-03 | — | Ratified |
| Dominican Republic | 2023-09-20 | 2026-03-24 | — | Ratified |
| Ecuador | 2023-09-21 | 2025-12-22 | — | Ratified |
| Egypt | 2024-10-14 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| El Salvador | — | — | — | No action |
| Equatorial Guinea | 2025-06-09 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Eritrea | — | — | — | No action |
| Estonia | 2023-09-20 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Eswatini | — | — | — | No action |
| Ethiopia | — | — | — | No action |
| European UnionNon-UN member | 2023-09-20 | 2025-05-28(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Fiji | 2023-09-20 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Finland | 2023-09-20 | 2025-05-28(Acceptance) | — | Ratified |
| France | 2023-09-20 | 2025-02-05 | — | Ratified |
| Gabon | 2023-09-20 | 2025-09-23 | — | Ratified |
| Gambia | 2024-09-27 | 2025-09-24 | — | Ratified |
| Georgia | — | — | — | No action |
| Germany | 2023-09-20 | 2026-09-22 | — | Ratified |
| Ghana | 2023-09-20 | 2026-01-14 | — | Ratified |
| Greece | 2023-09-21 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Grenada | 2024-12-19 | 2025-09-04 | — | Ratified |
| Guatemala | — | — | — | No action |
| Guinea | 2025-06-09 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Guinea-Bissau | 2025-06-09 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Guyana | — | — | — | No action |
| Haiti | — | — | — | No action |
| Honduras | 2023-09-20 | 2025-09-26 | — | Ratified |
| Hungary | 2023-09-21 | 2025-05-28 | — | Ratified |
| Iceland | 2023-09-20 | 2025-12-17 | — | Ratified |
| India | 2024-09-25 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Indonesia | 2023-09-20 | 2025-06-10 | — | Ratified |
| Iran | — | — | — | No action |
| Iraq | — | — | — | No action |
| Ireland | 2023-09-20 | 2025-09-23 | — | Ratified |
| Israel | — | — | — | No action |
| Italy | 2023-09-22 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Jamaica | 2024-09-24 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Japan | — | 2025-12-12(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Jordan | 2025-06-09 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Kazakhstan | — | — | — | No action |
| Kenya | 2024-09-24 | 2025-09-23 | — | Ratified |
| Kiribati | 2025-03-12 | 2025-12-09 | — | Ratified |
| Kuwait | — | — | — | No action |
| Kyrgyzstan | 2025-07-17 | 2025-09-20 | — | Ratified |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | 2023-09-20 | 2025-09-23(Acceptance) | — | Ratified |
| Latvia | 2023-09-20 | 2025-05-28 | — | Ratified |
| Lebanon | 2025-06-09 | 2026-09-24 | — | Ratified |
| Lesotho | 2025-06-09 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Liberia | 2024-09-24 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Libya | — | — | — | No action |
| Liechtenstein | — | — | — | No action |
| Lithuania | 2023-09-20 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Luxembourg | 2023-09-20 | 2025-07-29 | — | Ratified |
| Madagascar | 2024-09-25 | 2025-09-23 | — | Ratified |
| Malawi | 2023-09-20 | 2025-02-27 | — | Ratified |
| Malaysia | 2025-09-03 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Maldives | 2024-09-03 | 2024-09-24 | — | Ratified |
| Mali | — | — | — | No action |
| Malta | 2023-09-20 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Marshall Islands | 2023-09-20 | 2025-03-12 | — | Ratified |
| Mauritania | 2023-09-22 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Mauritius | 2023-09-20 | 2024-05-30 | — | Ratified |
| Mexico | 2023-09-20 | 2025-09-22 | — | Ratified |
| Micronesia | 2023-09-20 | 2024-06-03 | — | Ratified |
| Monaco | 2023-09-20 | 2024-05-09 | — | Ratified |
| Mongolia | — | — | — | No action |
| Montenegro | 2025-06-10 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Morocco | 2023-09-21 | 2025-09-19(Acceptance) | — | Ratified |
| Mozambique | — | — | — | No action |
| Myanmar | — | — | — | No action |
| Namibia | — | — | — | No action |
| Nauru | 2023-09-22 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Nepal | 2023-09-20 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Netherlands | 2023-09-20 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| New Zealand | 2023-09-20 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Nicaragua | — | — | — | No action |
| Niger | — | — | — | No action |
| Nigeria | 2024-05-03 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| NiueNon-UN member | 2025-06-09 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| North Macedonia | 2025-06-09 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Norway | 2023-09-20 | 2025-06-04 | — | Ratified |
| Oman | — | — | — | No action |
| Pakistan | 2025-07-21 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Palau | 2023-09-20 | 2024-01-22 | — | Ratified |
| Panama | 2023-09-20 | 2024-10-23 | — | Ratified |
| Papua New Guinea | 2025-06-09 | 2026-09-22 | — | Ratified |
| Paraguay | 2025-09-10 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Peru | 2025-06-09 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Philippines | 2023-09-20 | 2025-09-23 | — | Ratified |
| Poland | 2023-09-21 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Portugal | 2023-09-20 | 2025-05-28(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Qatar | — | 2026-01-14(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Republic of Korea | 2023-10-31 | 2025-03-19 | — | Ratified |
| Moldova | 2025-08-26 | 2026-04-28 | — | Ratified |
| Romania | 2023-09-20 | 2025-06-04 | — | Ratified |
| Russian Federation | — | — | — | No action |
| Rwanda | — | — | — | No action |
| Samoa | 2023-09-20 | 2026-09-14 | — | Ratified |
| San Marino | — | — | — | No action |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 2024-09-24 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Saudi Arabia | — | — | — | No action |
| Senegal | 2025-06-10 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Serbia | 2025-06-09 | 2026-07-29 | — | Ratified |
| Seychelles | 2023-09-20 | 2024-04-13 | — | Ratified |
| Sierra Leone | 2023-09-20 | 2025-09-19 | — | Ratified |
| Singapore | 2023-09-20 | 2024-09-24 | — | Ratified |
| Slovakia | 2023-09-20 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Slovenia | 2023-09-20 | 2025-05-28 | — | Ratified |
| Solomon Islands | 2023-09-20 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Somalia | — | — | — | No action |
| South Africa | 2025-06-09 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| South Sudan | — | — | — | No action |
| Spain | 2023-09-20 | 2025-02-04 | — | Ratified |
| Sri Lanka | 2025-02-20 | 2025-09-16 | — | Ratified |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 2025-06-09 | 2025-08-29 | — | Ratified |
| Saint Lucia | 2023-09-20 | 2024-11-26 | — | Ratified |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 2023-09-20 | 2025-09-17 | — | Ratified |
| State of PalestineNon-UN member | 2023-09-20 | 2025-10-01 | — | Ratified |
| Sudan | — | — | — | No action |
| Suriname | 2025-06-19 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Sweden | 2023-09-20 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Switzerland | 2025-02-05 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Syrian Arab Republic | — | — | — | No action |
| Tajikistan | — | — | — | No action |
| Thailand | 2025-04-17 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Timor-Leste | 2023-09-20 | 2024-09-26 | — | Ratified |
| Togo | 2023-09-22 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Tonga | 2024-01-26 | 2026-07-07 | — | Ratified |
| Trinidad and Tobago | — | 2026-01-27(Accession) | — | Ratified |
| Tunisia | — | — | — | No action |
| Turkmenistan | — | — | — | No action |
| Tuvalu | 2023-09-20 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Türkiye | 2024-09-27 | 2026-01-16 | — | Ratified |
| Uganda | — | — | — | No action |
| Ukraine | 2025-08-29 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| United Arab Emirates | — | — | — | No action |
| United Kingdom | 2023-09-20 | 2026-07-10 | — | Ratified |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 2023-09-20 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| United States of America | 2023-09-20 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Uruguay | 2024-01-29 | 2025-09-25 | — | Ratified |
| Uzbekistan | — | — | — | No action |
| Vanuatu | 2023-11-30 | 2025-06-09 | — | Ratified |
| Venezuela | — | — | — | No action |
| Viet Nam | 2023-09-20 | 2025-06-09(Approval) | — | Ratified |
| Yemen | 2025-06-09 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Zambia | 2024-02-13 | — | — | Signed, not ratified |
| Zimbabwe | 2025-03-05 | 2026-09-22 | — | Ratified |